古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。
南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。
一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。
夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。
泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1520xx年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛；庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。
街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建；思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。
棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。
入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。
正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。
明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。
入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。
孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。
清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学；大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大革命”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。
夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。
现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。
尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。
位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1420xx年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。
当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。
大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。
龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1920xx年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。
明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。
Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.
In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.
There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five ridges.The standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.
From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few days.All the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjun's former residence.
Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars' history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" hotel.There are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonald's, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. It's called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.
Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.
The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Today's ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.
Temple Square (2 minutes)
Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.
Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)
Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.
Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)
Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.
Inscriptions (1 minute)
From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.
A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)
The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.
Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.
The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.
Other (1 minute)
Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Today's Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xie'an and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!
B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)
Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.
Dormitory (1 minute)
Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.
To court (1 minute 30 seconds)
The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No It's often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of China's imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.
This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河的由来和历史变迁
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。
南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。
一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。
夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。
泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1514年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛；庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。
街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建；思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。
棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。
入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。
正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。
明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。
入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。
孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。
清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学；大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大geming”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。
夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。
现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。
尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。
位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1421年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。
当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。
大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。
龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1905年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。
明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。
“朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜……”这是我小时候对夫子庙的第一认识。
不看不知道，一看吓一跳。如果你是一名旅游爱好者，曾经来过南京，但是没有去过夫子庙，那真是等于白来了！
夫子庙是南京的着名景点，历史悠久。夫子庙靠着秦淮河，秦淮河是南京的母亲河，就像中国的长江与黄河一样。秦淮河上碧波荡漾，波光粼粼，水里不时跃出来可爱的小鱼，坐在夫子庙的画舫上看风景，别有一番滋味。
看夫子庙，一定要在晚上来。这时夫子庙灯火通明，霓虹灯五光十色，把城市的上空找的宛如发生了极光一般，十分华丽，此时此刻，人们也不顾着夜晚的疲惫，都来夫子庙闲逛。饿了？哈哈，没问题！FOLLOE ME!鸭血粉丝汤，鸡汁汤包，羊肉串，不够再去KFC!麦当劳也有！还有南京的臭豆腐等经典小吃……对了！还有盐水鸭！盐水鸭可是南京的特产！欢迎品尝！盐水鸭的其中一种叫桂花鸭，在盐水鸭的层次上精益求精，含着桂花的清香。夫子庙当人不是“二号狮子桥”光是吃，也有许多时尚的商铺任你逛。当然，你的眼球也是不会闲着的，夫子庙是很久以前的一个古建筑，蕴含着老南京风味，那墙壁上的精雕细刻，屋顶的绚丽国花纹，美不胜收。还有，那夜晚的秦淮河也更是美丽，那清澈的水面倒映着繁星点点的夜空，绿树，建筑，还有那五颜六色的灯光，把秦淮河照的五彩缤纷。
到了元宵节，夫子庙更是人山人海，大街小巷里都有卖花灯的小店，有可爱的兔子灯，古老的走马灯、孔明灯。除了花灯，在元宵节那几天里，夫子庙里还有许多的元宵店。元宵有大有小，大的里面有芝麻，小的泡糖水，都十分好吃。
我们相信，不仅视夫子庙，更是南京，这个历史悠久的城市，未来会更加美好！
夫子庙导游词位于南京市健康路以南，主要指的是孔庙、学宫、贡院三大建筑群，但习惯上将围绕这三大建筑群一带的街道都称做夫子庙。在东自平江府路
，西至瞻园路的约0.5平方公里的范围内有商场商店300多家、影剧院2家及诸多宾馆及游乐场等，地下还有一个约10000平方米的
地下商业街。可以说夫子庙是一个集旅游、文化、商业、餐饮、娱乐等多功能的服务中心。节假日的人流量达15万人次以上，逢金陵灯会期间
更是盛况空前。东晋咸康三年，(337年)丞相王导在秦淮河北岸建学宫，这是夫子庙的最早建筑。宋明道元年(1032年)宋仁宗在学宫
前建孔庙，弥夫子庙。后因战乱几次被毁，几次重建。现在的建筑为1984年重新规划修建起来的。它重现了明清时代江南街市的风貌景观
，一派古色古香。孔庙是祭祀孔子的地方，占地2.63万平方米。照壁在秦淮河南岸，高10米、长110米，壁顶覆小圆筒青瓦，四角略
翘，其长度为我国照壁之最。河北岸有弯月形泮池，岸上还有一排明代建成的雕镂石栏。石栏东边是三层六面飞角的奎垦阁；北面是四柱三门
的文枢坊，中间上刻“天下文枢”四个金字；西面是重檐雕脊飞角的聚星亭，大成门前是六柱三门石砌的棂星门。此处建筑皆带“星”字，意指
天下文曲星集于此地。大成门为古代抬梁穿斗式建筑，翘角龙脊，三门并立，每扇门上有45枚门钉及龙头衔环。门内左右两侧立南齐、元、宋
时期的石碑四块，内院两侧有廊连接大成殿。大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，高16.2米、宽27.3米、深20.9米，七楹重檐，四坡
五脊，主脊上的双龙戏珠立雕为国内首创，加上全殿的56根巨型石往，巍峨壮观。殿前丹墀正中立孔子铜像，高4.18米，为全国之冠。
东西两侧围墙外是按明清风格精心规划设计的东西市场，以经营古玩玉器、文房四宝、名家字画及旅游纪念品为主。学宫位于大成殿后，由明
德堂、尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等一组建筑组成，是古代州府的最高学府，明德堂是学宫的正堂，现辟为游乐场。由文枢坊向东左拐即可见到
一座斗拱飞檐的正方型三层木结构建筑——明远楼。它是原江南贡院的中心建筑，是考试期间监视考生和发布命令的地方。楼后院落两侧是仿明
清时科举考试的号舍，号舍长宽约1.5米，仅有上、下两块木板，上为桌、下为凳。考试几天考生吃喝睡全在这狭小的空间内，带进去的食
物全要检查，连馒头也要切开看，以防夹带作弊。最盛时期，江南贡院占地7万多平方米，号舍20644间，规模为全国贡院之首。明远楼现
称“江南贡院遗址”，为省级文物保护单位。历史上的夫子庙曾经是一个畸型的繁华闹市，特别是明清时期，每逢开科秋闱，上万名(最多达
2万多人)考生云集于此，于是书肆、茶馆、客栈应运而生，酒楼妓院也就滋生蔓延。当年秦淮河南岸的一些街巷即为富家子弟的“温柔乡”
、“销金窟”。还出过不少名妓，如李香君、董小宛等被称为“秦淮八艳”。今在钞库街38号重建了媚香楼，做为李香君故居对游人开放。
清代著名作家吴敬梓曾居住于秦淮河畔，历经20xx年，在此写出了抨击科举制度的名著《儒林外史》。在他的故居——秦淮水亭的遗址上如今
建起了明清河厅河房式样的建筑，为“秦淮人家”宾馆。内设拾风堂，举行仿古婚礼等民俗活动。游览夫子庙还可以顺便品尝秦淮风味小吃，目
前已挖掘出传统小吃品种100多个，加上洋快餐肯德基、麦当劳，足可让游人大快朵颐。金陵灯会更是远近闻名，名为农历正月十二上灯
，十八落灯，其实从年初一开始，买灯、卖灯和观灯者即人如潮涌，各色彩灯达数十种，使人眼花缀乱，目不暇接。
游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。
其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。
其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地，随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异；东西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。