导语：麦积山风景区由麦积山、仙人崖、石门、曲溪、街亭温泉五个子景区180多个景点组成，拥有丰富多样的生物类型和物种，被称为“陇上林泉之冠”，具有深厚的旅游价值，是丝绸古道黄金旅游线上的一颗耀眼的艺术明珠和最具潜力的旅游胜地。书痴者文必工，艺痴者技必良，本页是细致的小编给家人们收集的10篇麦积山石窟导游词介绍，欢迎阅读。
Maiji Mountain scenic spot is located in the eastern part of the NorthBranch of the western Qinling Mountains, with a total area of 215 squarekilometers, including Maiji Mountain, Xianren cliff, Shimen, Quxi four scenicspots and Jieting ancient town. Among them, Maijishan grottoes are the mostfamous. Maiji Mountain is a typical Danxia landform. It is named for its shapelike a farmer's wheat pile. The cliff rises from the ground, 80 meters high. Themountain is steep, surrounded by green trees and a quiet environment. At the endof the Western Han Dynasty, Maiji Mountain had become the summer palace offamous Tianshui general kaixiao. After the Qin Dynasty (384-420__ A.D.), theconstruction of grottoes began. After more than 1500 years of excavation andreconstruction in the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, FiveDynasties, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has become one of the famouslarge-scale Grottoes in China.
Maijishan Grottoes have 194 caves, more than 7200 clay sculptures and stonesculptures, and more than 1300 square meters of murals. They are especially goodat clay sculpture art and are known as ”Oriental Sculpture Art Museum“.Maijishan Grottoes is one of the most beautiful caves and temples in China. Itis famous for its seven Buddha Pavilion, ten thousand Buddha cave, niuertang andJiling. The clay sculpture is vivid in form and has both spirit and form. Thecontent of the clay sculpture has a thorough secular and strong interest inlife. The technique of plastic painting is to lay emphasis on color instead ofcolor. There is a botanical garden in Maiji Mountain scenic area.
Maijishan Grottoes is one of the four famous Grottoes in China. In 1961, itwas announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key culturalrelics protection units. Together with xianrenya, Shimen, Quxi and Jieting hotsprings, they were announced as the first batch of key scenic spots by the StateCouncil in 1982.
麦积山周围风景秀丽，山峦上密布着翠柏苍松，野花茂草。攀上山顶，极目远望，四面全是郁郁葱葱的青山，只见千山万壑，重峦叠嶂，青松似海，云雾阵阵，远景近物交织在一起，构成了一幅美丽的图景，这图景被称为天水八景之首的“麦积烟雨”。素有“陇上江南”、“秦地林泉之冠”之美誉。
山峰的西南面为悬崖峭壁，石窟就开凿在峭壁上，有的距山基二三十米，有的达七八十米。在如此陡峻的悬崖上开凿成百上千的洞窟和佛像，在中国的石窟中是罕见的。
“麦积山者，北跨清渭，南渐两当，五百里岗峦，麦积处其半，崛起一块石，高百万寻，望之团团，如农家积麦之状，故有此名”。它位于甘肃省天水市火车站东南约35公里的秦岭山脉之中。周围山奇林郁，溪石联映，风景优美，有小江南之称，素有“秦地林泉之冠”之美誉。
麦积山石质皆为紫褐色之水成岩，其山势陡然起独峰，最初有许多天然之岩洞。它的海拔1742米，山顶距地面142米，现存佛教窟龛194个，泥塑石雕、石胎泥塑七千二百余身，壁画一千三百余平方米，全部窟龛开凿在山崖峭壁之上，分布于东、西两崖。
东崖现存54个洞窟，西崖现存140个洞窟。由于麦积山山体为第三纪沙砾岩，石质结构松散，不易精雕细镂，故以精美的泥塑著称于世，绝大部分泥塑彩妆。被雕塑家刘开渠誉为“东方雕塑陈列馆”。它的开凿年代，大部分学者认为始于后秦，历经北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、元、明、清历代都有不断地开凿和修缮，现存造像中以北朝造像原作居多。
麦积山石窟的一个显著特点是洞窟所处位置极其惊险，大都开凿在悬崖峭壁之上，洞窟之间全靠架设在崖面上的凌空栈道通达。游人攀登上这些蜿蜒曲折的凌空栈道，不禁惊心动魄。古人曾称赞这些工程“峭壁之间，镌石成佛，万龛千窟。碎自人力，疑是神功。”附近群众中还流传着“砍完南山柴，修起麦积崖”，“先有万丈柴，后有麦积崖”的谚语。可见当时开凿洞窟，修建栈道工程之艰巨、宏大。[2]
麦积山的洞窟很多修成别具一格的“崖阁”。在东崖泥塑大佛头上15米高处的七佛阁，是中国典型的汉式崖阁建筑，建在离地面50米以上的峭壁上，开凿于公元6世纪中叶。麦积山石窟虽以泥塑为主，但也有一定数量的石雕和壁画。麦积山石窟被列为国家重点文物保护单位，新架和修复了1300多米的凌空栈道，使游人能顺利登临所有洞窟。
Hello, everyone! It's a pleasure to be here with friends from all over theworld.
first. On behalf of the travel agency, please allow me to express myheartfelt thanks and warm welcome to all of you. There is a saying that is wellsaid: looking back hundreds of times in the past life can only lead to a brushin this life. Maybe it's a fate to get together. Since we are destined, let'sget to know each other. Next to me is master Lin, the driver. He has richdriving experience and is escorted by him You can give us two hearts, one is“rest assured” to our escort ambassador, master Lin, and the other is “happy”。Please give it to me. I'm your guide this time You can call me Xiao Guo, Guo Daoand Xiao Dao, whatever you like!
In fact, tourism is a very happy thing. Travel doesn't have to care aboutits purpose. It only needs to care about the scenery along the way and the moodwhen seeing the scenery. So I hope the good mountains and good water in Lanzhoucan bring you a good mood. So during the whole journey, if you need any help,please feel free to come to me. I will try my best to serve you. At the sametime, I hope my work can be successful With your support and cooperation, I wishyou have a good time in Lanzhou! I hope this trip is just like my name. I warmlywelcome you to come, and then have fun, eat and enjoy In a word, I hope you havea good time. Thank you
Maiji Mountain is located about 45 kilometers southeast of Tianshui City,Gansu Province. It is a strange peak in Xiaolong mountain at the western end ofQinling Mountains in China. It is only 142 meters high, but the shape of themountain is peculiar. The isolated peak rises like a wheat pile, so people callit Maiji Mountain. To the southwest of the mountain is a precipice, on which thegrottoes are cut. Some of them are 20 or 30 meters away from the base of themountain, while others are 70 or 80 meters away. Hundreds of caves and Buddhastatues excavated on such a steep cliff are rare in China's grottoes.
The scenery around Maiji Mountain is beautiful. The mountains are denselycovered with cypresses, pines, wild flowers and grass. Climbing to the top ofthe mountain, you can see green hills all around you. You can see thousands ofmountains and valleys, mountains and peaks, pine trees like the sea, clouds andmist, and the distant scenery is intertwined, forming a beautiful picture. Thispicture is known as “Maiji misty rain” which is the first of the eight scenicspots in Tianshui. Among the famous Grottoes in China, Maiji Mountain is thebest natural scenery.
Maijishan Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It wasbuilt in 384 ad. after more than ten dynasties of continuous excavation andrenovation, it has become one of the famous large-scale Grottoes in China and aworld-famous art treasure house. There are 194 caves, including more than 7200clay sculptures and stone carvings from the 4th century to the 19th century, andmore than 1300 square meters of murals. The Maijishan grottoes are located in anextremely dangerous position. Most of them are built on cliffs. All the grottoesare accessible by the aerial trestle road erected on the cliff surface. Visitorscan't help but thrill when they climb these winding trestle roads. The ancientsonce praised these projects: “between the cliffs, carved stone into Buddha,thousands of niches and caves.”。 Broken from the human force, suspected to be amiracle. “ There is also a saying among the people nearby that ”after cuttingthe firewood in Nanshan Mountain, build the Maiji cliff“ and ”first there is tenthousand Zhang firewood, then there is Maiji cliff“. It can be seen that theconstruction of the trestle road was arduous and grand.
Maijishan Grottoes art is famous for its exquisite clay sculpture art athome and abroad. Historian Fan Wenlan once praised Maijishan as ”a largeexhibition hall for displaying statues“. If Dunhuang is a large mural Museum,Maiji Mountain is a large sculpture museum. The statues here are more than 15meters high and only 20 centimeters small, reflecting the characteristics ofstatues of different ages in the past thousand years and systematicallyreflecting the development and evolution of clay sculpture art in China. Theclay sculptures here can be roughly divided into four types: high floatingsculptures protruding from the wall, round sculptures completely away from thewall, moulded shadow sculptures and wall sculptures pasted on the wall. Amongthem, thousands of life size round sculptures are regarded as treasures becausethey are full of life interest.
The statue of Maijishan has two obvious characteristics: strong nationalconsciousness and secularization. Except for the early works, from the NorthernWei Dynasty, almost all of the Buddha statues have the posture of looking down,with amiable faces. Although they are gods in heaven, they are like secularpeople, becoming the embodiment of people's good wishes. From the shape andclothing of the statue, it is gradually getting rid of the influence of foreignart, reflecting the characteristics of the Han nationality.
Many caves in Maiji Mountain have been built into a unique ”cliffPavilion“. The seven Buddha Pavilion, 15 meters above the head of the clayBuddha on Dongya, is a typical Han style cliff Pavilion in China. It was builton a cliff 50 meters above the ground and was excavated in the middle of the 6thcentury. Although Maijishan grottoes are mainly clay sculptures, there are alsoa certain number of stone carvings and murals. Maijishan Grottoes have beenlisted as a key cultural relic protection unit of the state. More than 1300meters of elevated plank road have been newly erected and restored, so thatvisitors can successfully access all the grottoes. The largest statue inMaijishan Grottoes is 16 meters, and the smallest one is only more than 10centimeters. The statue in cave 44 is called ”Venus of the East“ by theJapanese. The clothes of the statues in caves 78 and 128 of the Western QinDynasty are carefully painted. The statues on the seven Buddha Pavilion, whichis more than 70 meters high, are beautiful. The frescoes on the top of thecorridor are exquisite. The pictures of cars, horses and pedestrians on the topof the west end are not the same no matter from which point of view, which canbe called the classic composition of frescoes in China.
Facing the autumn wind, stepping on the grass. Our whole family went toTianshui for a tour. In this trip to Tianshui, the most impressive touristattraction is the famous “Maiji Mountain Grottoes”。
After more than four hours' journey, we arrived at Tianshui city. Afterstaying in the hotel and having lunch, we rushed to the first touristdestination, Maijishan grottoes.
“It's a coincidence that it was sunny just now, but now it's drizzling. Oh,how to play when it rains! ”I murmured. “You're wrong,” my father said. “Maijimisty rain is a wonderful sight in Maiji Mountain, which I can't touch.” afterhearing this, my eyes lit up and I was looking forward to seeing it earlier.
At the foot of Maiji Mountain, fresh air came. From a distance, themountain looks like a farmer's wheat pile. The fog formed by rain surrounds thetop of the mountain. The hazy scene brings a mysterious atmosphere, just like afairyland.
With the fresh air and the smell of grass, we walked to the Maijishangrottoes.
According to the guide, Maijishan grottoes were first excavated in the lateQin Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms. After more than ten dynasties, they wereexcavated and rebuilt. It has a history of about 1600 years. It is one of thefour largest Grottoes in China. There are 194 caves with more than 7200 statuesof different sizes. They are divided into three categories: clay sculpture,stone sculpture and stone stele. Clay sculpture is the main one, and it is knownas “Oriental Sculpture Exhibition Hall”。 Deep national tradition, distinctsecularization and strong interest in life are the prominent features ofMaijishan grottoes.
Listening to the guide's explanation, we reached the top of the mountainunconsciously. Looking at lifelike statues, I seem to see our ancestors on thissteep mountain, using their wisdom to create this magical statue. Some of themare carving, some are coloring, some are fixing In short, they are industriouseverywhere.
Among so many statues, I admire two. The first is the sculpture of the“three saints of the west” on the Shandong side. The amituo Buddha in the middleis 13 meters long, majestic and has both spirit and shape. The eyes made ofglass beads are bright and bright, and the folds on the clothes are meticulous.Because hair and other materials are added when mixing with mud, the Buddhastatue looks smooth and delicate, just like the real one. The second is called“Oriental smile”。 His eyes are slightly closed, his mouth is up and his head isslightly down, showing the loveliness and implicitness of Oriental people. It'svery likable.
After the tour of Maiji Mountain, I feel very much that our ancestors,using their wisdom, diligence and perseverance, left such a proud cultural relicfor future generations. As the descendants of the dragon, we should carryforward the industrious, simple and persistent spirit of our ancestors to makeour motherland more prosperous.
麦积山石窟佛像作文600字
迎着秋风，踏着青草。我们全家人前往天水旅游。而在这次的天水之游中，给我印象最深的旅游景点便是著名的“麦积山石窟”了。
经过四个多小时的路程，我们到达了天水市。住进旅馆，吃过午饭，我们便马不停蹄地赶往第一个旅游目的地——麦积山石窟。
“真是凑巧，刚刚还阳光明媚，现在却已细雨绵绵。唉，下雨可怎么玩呀！”我低声抱怨着。“这你就错了，”爸爸说，“‘麦积烟雨’可是麦积山的一大奇景，一般可碰不到呢！”听了这话，我眼前一亮，盼望着早点看到这“奇景”。
到了麦积山山脚，清新的空气扑鼻而来。远远望去，山体酷似农家麦垛，因下雨形成的雾气，环绕着山头，朦胧的景象给人带来一种神秘的气息，犹如仙境一般。
吸着新鲜的空气，闻着青草的香味，我们徒步走到了麦积山石窟下。
听导游说：麦积山石窟始凿于十六国后秦，经十多个朝代开凿重修，距今约一千六百年历史，是中国四大石窟之一。现存洞窟194个，大小造像7200余尊，分泥塑，石雕和石刻造像碑三类，以泥塑为主，素有“东方雕塑陈列馆”的美誉。深厚的民族传统，鲜明的世俗化和浓郁的生活情趣，是麦积山石窟的显著特征。
听着导游的讲解，我们不知不觉走到了山顶（指人能走到的最高处）。看着一尊尊栩栩如生的。雕像，我仿佛看到了我们的祖先在这座陡峭的山上，利用他们的智慧，造出这一尊尊神奇的雕像。他们有的在雕刻，有的在上色，有的在固定……总之，到处都有他们勤劳的身影。
在这么多雕像中，令我赞叹的有两处。首先便是位于山东侧的“西方三圣”雕塑。中间的阿弥佗佛长13米，威严壮观，神形兼备，琉璃珠做的眼睛炯炯有神，衣服上的褶皱做得细致入微，因为在和泥时加入了发丝等材料，使得佛像看起来光滑细嫩，像真的一样。其次就是被称为“东方微笑”的小沙弥。他两眼微闭，嘴巴上翘，头微微低下，显出东方人特有的可爱与含蓄。非常讨人喜欢。
游完麦积山，我心中感慨万分，我们的祖先，利用他们的智慧、勤劳与恒心，为后人留下了这样值得骄傲的文物。而作为龙的传人的我们，更应该将祖先们勤劳朴实，持之以恒的精神发扬光大，让我们的祖国更加繁荣昌盛，生生不息。
游麦积山石窟作文
今年国庆节，我和妈妈还有一些朋友一起到天水和西安游玩。我认为最好玩的就是麦积山石窟，它位于天水市东30公里左右，由于工程浩大，就有了“砍尽南山柴，堆起麦积崖”之称。
麦积山石窟是我国四大石窟之一，其它三个分别是敦煌石窟、龙门石窟和云岗石窟。敦煌石窟现有洞窟492个，彩塑2400余身，壁画45000平方米；龙门石窟蜂房似的布于伊川两岸的峭壁上，南北绵延约1公里；云岗石窟现存主要洞窟45个，分为东、中、西三区，东部4窟，中部9窟，西部32窟；麦积山石窟共有窟龛204个，雕塑7000余身，根据雕塑材料分为泥塑、石雕、石胎泥塑、木雕等四类。
当时，天下着牛毛细雨，我们先来到售票处，然后徒步5公里，我们在路上摘果子、打果子仗，不知不觉就到了麦积山脚下，开始了麦积山石窟之旅。
我们在一位导游的带领下登上了麦积山石窟，麦积山共有204个窟，有的里面放着佛像，有的放着菩萨，有的窟非常珍贵，用铁丝网封住，一般不让参观。其中133号石窟最为珍贵，以它能换来香港，我虽然没见过实物，但看了它的照片，它的右手断了，颜色也很不完整，我认为它最多能换一台电脑。我在参观石窟最大的三尊佛像时，导游指着中间那尊佛说：“那佛已风化的袖子是前建的！”我一惊，一千五百多年前的'西魏，怎么有如此高明的技术呢？在石窟最高层，山高80余米，离地近170米，把有恐高症的刘阿姨吓坏了，把我们几个笑惨了！我站在山上？望下面，哇，好美呀！在云雾中隐隐约约点缀着几朵五彩的太阳伞。
在徒步回去的路上，我尝了天水有名的小吃“呱呱”，也就是一种面食，原以为它很好吃，没想到才吃了两口就不吃了，因为它不像成都凉粉那样滑，“哧溜”一咽就下肚，而呱呱很脆，要嚼很久才咽得下去，并且巨辣无比，一点也不好吃。
最后，我们依依不舍地离开了麦积山石窟。
Maijishan, located in the south of Maijishan Township, Beidao District, 50kilometers southeast of Tianshui City, is an isolated peak in Xiaolong mountainof West Qinling Mountains. Maijishan Scenic area covers a total area of 215square kilometers, including Maijishan, xianrenya, Shimen, Quxi and Jietingancient town. Maijishan Grottoes is one of the four largest Grottoes in China,and the other three grottoes are: Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes andYungang Grottoes. Maijishan Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protectionunit and a world-famous art treasure house.
Maiji Mountain is a typical Danxia landform. It is named for its shape likea farmer's wheat pile. The cliff rises from the ground, 80 meters high. Themountain is steep, surrounded by green trees and a quiet environment. At the endof the Western Han Dynasty, Maiji Mountain had become the summer palace offamous Tianshui general kaixiao. There are more than 7200 statues and murals ofmore than 1300 square meters, which are distributed in 194 caves, similar toDunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Da'an grottoes Like Yungang Grottoes and LuoyangLongmen Grottoes, they have precious art treasures. In terms of artisticfeatures, Dunhuang focuses on gorgeous murals, Yungang and Longmen are famousfor their magnificent stone carvings, while Maiji Mountain is famous for itsexquisite statues. As our sculptor Liu Kaiqu praised: Maijishan is ”a largesculpture museum in Chinese history.“
Maiji Mountain has a long history and enjoyed a high reputation as early as1620 x years ago. In Yutang gossip written by the Five Dynasties, it is saidthat ”Maiji Mountain people, crossing the Qingwei River in the north, graduallybecoming two dangs in the south, with five hundred Li hills and hills. Maiji isin the middle of the mountain. A stone rises up and looks up to a hundred Zhanghigh. It looks like a group of people accumulating wheat, so it has this name.“.Du Fu wrote a poem praising: ”there are few remnant monks in the wild temples.The mountains are round and the roads are high. Musk sleeps carnation, parrotpecks golden peach. Stones pass through, Cliff House prison, the top heavyPavilion night, a hundred miles to see qiuhao Maijishan grottoes were built withthe smooth development of the Silk Road from the post Qin period. According tothe biography of eminent monk Liang, during the Yongchu period of the SouthernSong Dynasty, the eminent monk Tan hongchan lived in Maiji Mountain. Soon after,the famous monk xuangao arrived, and they lived together in temples, often withmore than 300 apprentices. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Yifu, the original Queenof Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, died here and “chiseled Maiji cliff and buried itas a niche.” In the years of Baoding and Tianhe in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, LiYunxin, the governor of Qinzhou, built seven Buddha pavilions for his deadfather. He once asked Geng Xin to write a preface to the inscription of maijiyaBuddha niche in Tianshui County of Qinzhou for him. In the fourth year ofRenshou, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, the envoys of Qinzhou built a9.4-meter-high seven level pagoda on the top of Maiji Mountain, which is said tobe one of the 84000 pagodas of Asoka. So far, the pagoda is still standing onthe top of the mountain, but it only has five levels and has been rebuilt inrecent years.
When people enter the Maiji Mountain scenic spot, the first thing they seeis a group of sculptures carved on the cliff. There is a Buddha in the middle,which is 15 meters high. There are two Bodhisattvas standing in front of them,smiling and welcoming the tourists. When you walk to the front of the mountainand look up, you can see that the niches and caves are as dense as the peakrooms, and the eaves are built according to the caves. The trestle ladder isbuilt on the cliff, and the shallow niche and deep cave are dug on the cliff.The construction is superb and magnificent, and the project is extremelydangerous and magnificent. Although tourists and poets of all ages have beengreatly admired, few of them dare to climb to the top. Wang Renyu, a poet ofFive Dynasties, bravely climbed the cliff before he wrote: “climb the cliff andclimb the stairs, and you can be with the white clouds at leisure; the hills aresmall in front of the eaves, and the sun is low on the hall; the dangerouspeople are few on the top Road, and the ancient rock pines and cranes frequentlyinhabit; in order to leave a name on the edge of the sky, you should brush thestone and ask yourself.” My personal sense of life. However, after large-scalereinforcement and repair of the plank road, the crumbling cliff has beenstabilized, and the plank road on the mountain is wide and tidy, safe andreliable. The dangerous scene in Wang Renyu's works has long been history.People can safely and boldly visit each cliff Pavilion, enter each cave at will,and enjoy the beautiful scenery at the foot of the mountain with unrestrainedfeelings.
Maiji Mountain is 142 meters high. Most of the grottoes are cut in the airon 20 to 70 meters high cliffs. There are cliff pavilions, Mogao Grottoes, cliffniches, mountain buildings and corridors. The caves are shaped like herringboneroof, square collapse roof, arched lintel, dome, square lintel flat roof, squarelintel covered caisson, square flat roof, small circular niche and Yu top. Thesedifferent types of cave niches and cliff pavilions are the material materialsfor studying the cultural exchange between China and the West and the evolutionand development of architectural structure. According to records, when thegrottoes were excavated in those years, timber was piled up from the bottom tothe top, and then construction was carried out. One layer was built, and theother layer was demolished until the foot of the mountain. According to legend,when Li Yunxin built the seven Buddha Pavilion for his dead father, he used400000 people. Until now, there are still local ballads: “after cutting Nanshanfirewood, build Maiji cliff”, “first there is wanzhang firewood, then there isMaiji cliff”。 Even the first American tourists praised the Maijishan Grottoes as“one of the seven major projects in the world” in the 1947 peace daily.
Maijishan Grottoes used to be a complete mountain. In the 22nd year ofKaiyuan of Tang Dynasty, a strong earthquake occurred in Tianshui area, whichdestroyed the middle part of the cliff. The whole grottoes were divided into twoparts: East Cliff and West Cliff. There are 54 caves in Dongya and 140 caves inXiya. Because Maijishan stone is purple brown hydrous parent rock, it is notsuitable for fine carving, so most of them use clay sculpture and painting. Themain themes of Maijishan statues are Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciple, king ofheaven, and strongman. Although the statues of different generations are in thesame hall, they do not follow and imitate, but maintain their owncharacteristics of the times, and systematically reflect the development andevolution of clay sculpture art in China. Whether it's a giant statue as high as15 meters or a small statue as small as 0.3 meters, it gives people a sense ofbeauty. After visiting the Maijishan statue, Soviet sculptor Ni klinduhov saidexcitedly: “the sculptures of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Song Dynasty are themost fascinating to me. They have amazing inner world, expressive compositionand majestic shape. ”
There are thousands of Maijishan statues. Here, only a few representativemasterpieces can be pointed out, which play the role of “seeing a spot andknowing the whole leopard”。 The most magnificent statue on Dongya is the sevenBuddha Pavilion in Cave 4. There are 42 statues of Bodhisattvas in the sevenniches. They are dignified, amiable, gorgeous, and full of human kindness,kindness, and secular feelings. All the niches are decorated with floatingsculptures of the eight divisions of the Heavenly Dragon. Their faces arehideous but not ugly. They show men's body-building, dignity, integrity, braveryand perseverance. Cave 5, next to the upper seven Buddha Pavilion, is calledNiuer hall. In front of the door of the middle niche, there is a Buddha standingon a lying calf. This ox is very moving: round eyes, looking at the prefaceplayfully, feet curling, but it seems to jump up, and the skin hanging from theloose neck, also seems to be moving. Not only does the body shape and posturehave the characteristics of a cow, but the most outstanding thing is to show thechildishness and liveliness of a calf, which is very popular among localfarmers, and is called “niuwa with golden hooves and silver horns”。 At the westend of niuertang, there is a 10 meter long tunnel which can accommodate oneperson. On the top of the tunnel, there are four words: “little cave”。 It issaid that on the eighth day of the fourth month of the Ming Dynasty, a stateofficial in Qinzhou visited Maiji Mountain Temple Fair. On the spur of themoment, he wanted to wander from the ferry chain of the seven Buddha Pavilion toNiuer hall with the posture of turning over with a kite. But when he stoodfirmly in Niuer hall and looked down, he saw that the cliff was steep and thepeople in the valley were like ants. Suddenly, he felt dizzy, his legs were softand trembling, and he did not dare to step any more. The Yamen servants had toinvite a group of stonemasons to dig a small hole. Only then did the stateofficial climb over from the hole. Up to now, there is still a saying that “thekite turns over and the cow hall” in the local area.
Among the caves in Xiya, caves 133 and 127 are the largest. No.133 stelecave is the most special cave in Maiji Mountain. In the cave, there are not onlymany clay sculptures, but also 18 stone tablets, some of which are covered withthousands of Buddha statues, so they are also called “ten thousand Buddha Hall”。Among them, No. 10, No. 11 and No. 16 are the essence of numerous tablets. Cave127 is even more splendid. Most of the murals on the four walls and caisson arepreserved. The style of the later Wei Dynasty is elegant and vertical. Draw apicture of Buddha's sayings in Chinese, and listen to it by thousands of riders.There are 12 tigers in Western painting, which have different shapes and can becalled excellent. In particular, a stone Buddha in the niche is the mostwonderful. In the back light of the stone Buddha, there are 12 instrumentsplaying in the upper part. There are eight flying Apsaras in the lower part.There are two waiters on the left and right, small but with different manners.In the scroll lotus, there is also a small Buddha head. Sitting in the middle ofthe Buddha, raising the palm to sit, showing the kindness and joy of the saying.This statue, not to mention in Maiji Mountain, is a rare treasure in the worldBuddhist art.
There are also several attractive scenic spots around Maiji Mountain. Forexample, the Diao Chao Valley under the three fan cliff of the back cliff ofMaiji Mountain is a refuge palace in Tianshui at the end of the Western HanDynasty. At that time, the summer palace was dotted with pavilions andpavilions, connected with winding corridors, green glazed tiles, red walls andgolden dragons, three eaves and four clusters of carved phoenixes, flowershadows, green bamboo dancing, silver pearls splashing. With the passage oftime, the resplendent Summer Palace has long been extinct. Only the waterfall,ancient cypress and pine, rocks and strange rocks, flowers and herbs, rare birdsand animals about 40 meters high under the three cliffs still exist, making up acharming natural landscape.
In 1982, Maiji Mountain, in the name of Maiji Mountain scenic spot in GansuProvince, was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch ofnational scenic spots.
Grotto culture
Maijishan Grottoes retain a large number of religious, artistic andarchitectural materials, which enrich the ancient Chinese cultural history.
1、 Religion
It mainly reflects three Buddhas, seven Buddhas, Western Pure Land and soon. It is an important form of Buddhist literature to reflect the story ofBuddha's birth and biography from frescoes and carved stone tablets, such as?Tzu's birth, Prince sakuna's sacrifice to feed the tiger, Nirvana and so on.Through the sculpture of Buddha, Bodhisattva and flying Apsaras, it reflects thespiritual enlightenment of Buddhism to the real world.
2、 Art
It truly reflects the artists' infinite yearning and aesthetic orientationfor a better life at that time. The statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty arebeautiful and handsome, with a wise smile, implying contempt for the reality ofterror, oblivion of the honor and disgrace of life and detachment from thesecular world; the statues of the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern ZhouDynasty are gentle and honest, indulging in the pursuit of real life andyearning for the Buddhist world; the statues of the Sui and Tang Dynasties areabundant
It is full of delicacy; the clothing patterns of the statues in the SongDynasty are realistic and solemn. Maijishan art is good at clay sculpture. Theartists abandoned the previous meticulous details, and raised the appeal to theheight of commanding everything, with a moving look and a rich flavor of life.From the statues of different times in Maiji Mountain, we can see that theartists at that time broke through the Buddhist rules and regulations, andcreated religious figures with rich flavor of life, such as Buddha, Bodhisattva,disciple, and supporter, by taking real life figures as the main material andexaggerating, imagining, summarizing and refining the art. The Buddhistswhispering in cave 121 and the virgins and virgins in cave 123 show not thepiety of the ascetics, but the childish sincerity and pleasure under theinfluence of the ideological trend of the times. Therefore, influenced by thelocal social environment, Maijishan statues show the local people and feelings,make the Buddhist statues seem to be familiar in life, and make people feel theamiability and loveliness of the Buddhist world, so as to be faithful.
Maijishan Grottoes used to be “with niches are all Buddhas, no walls do notfly”, but because of the rainy and humid, most of the murals peeled off, butstill retain the Western Pure Land Change, Nirvana change, hell change andBensheng stories of the Northern Dynasty, such as? Tzu Bensheng, sajina Princesacrificing his life to feed the tiger, and so on. The cities, temples, cars andclothes depicted in the murals have the characteristics of Han culture,reflecting the reality of this period life. Feitian, in particular, is morecolorful and distinctive, with clay sculpture, sculpture, painting and thin meatsculpture. Although the hometown of Feitian is in India, the Feitian in MaijiMountain is the artistic crystallization of Chinese and foreign cultures, and isthe fusion of Indian Buddhist heaven and Chinese Taoist immortals. She has nowings and no feathers. She is a beautiful girl flying in the air with the helpof clouds instead of clouds. She is the most talented masterpiece of ancientChinese artists. At the same time, dance and musical instruments are alsoreflected in murals and sculptures, which provides valuable information for thestudy of ancient Chinese music.
3、 Architectural art
Maijishan grottoes are built on the precipice. The grottoes are as dense asbeehives, and the trestle road is as high as flying in the air. They are stackedlayer upon layer. Their precipitousness is rare in the world, forming amagnificent three-dimensional architectural complex. Its wooden hall style stonecliff Pavilion is unique and magnificent. Most of the caves are of Buddhisttemple style without central pillar, with obvious local characteristics.
Maijishan Grottoes in the most magnificent, the most magnificent buildingis the fourth cave on the seven niches, also known as the “sanhualou”, locatedabove the Dongya Buddha, about 80 meters above the ground, for seven eightcolumn veranda structure, about 9 meters high, 30 meters wide, eight metersdeep, divided into two parts of the front gallery and back room. The column is abig column with eight edges, covered with lotus petal shaped column base, andall the building components are exquisitely carved, which reflects the maturityof the construction technology in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The back room ismade up of seven four corner bunchy tent shaped niches. The curtain isoverlapped layer by layer. The columns, beams and other building components inthe niches are shown in relief. Therefore, the fourth cave of Maiji Mountain isthe largest cave in China, which imitates the traditional Chinese architecture.It is an important material to study the wooden architecture of the NorthernDynasties. It truly shows the external and internal features of the Buddhisthall which has been sinicized in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties. It isof great significance in the development history of the grottoes. Cave 121:
position:
The upper west end of Xiya.
Time:
In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, it was rebuilt in Song Dynasty.
Cave shape:
Fu Dou Caijing square cave. The cave is 2.55 meters high, 2.36 meters wideand 2.15 meters deep.
Statues:
Each of the three niches has a Buddha. Inside the niche, two men ofstrength are moulded on both sides of the middle door on the left and rightwalls. The upper part of the Buddha was remodeled in the Song Dynasty. The lowerpart of the Buddha's body was draped in three petals in front of the seat. Thefirst part of the Buddha sat down on the square platform. The disciples worecassock and skirt. Left disciple tower spiral bun. Bodhisattvas wear broadribbon cassock. The Bodhisattva and his disciples are closely related. With asmile on their face, they clap their hands in front of their chest. It seemsthat they are whispering and talking with each other. They are just like a pairof brothers and sisters in real life. They are full of youthful vitality andmoving emotions, making people feel natural and kind. The head of Lishi wasrebuilt in Song Dynasty. Zuo Lishi was wearing a skirt, a scarf round andcrossed on his abdomen, a Vajra pole in his left hand, a wind belt in his righthand, a wide sleeve jacket in his right hand, a long skirt and a vertical hand.He was wearing body armor. He was strong and powerful, with a kind of aweinspiring spirit. This cave is one of the most important representative caves inthe late Northern Wei Dynasty.
Murals: Buddha, Bodhisattva painted backlight, Xiang Guang. Most of themurals in the caisson are exfoliated and blackened by smoke. Only the flyingribbon is faintly visible.
Located 45 kilometers (about 28 miles) southeast of Tianshui City in Gansu Province, Maiji Mountain rises up abruptly 142 meters (about 155 yards) from the landscape. The people named the mountain Maiji because it resembles a stack of wheat straw (mai meaning wheat, and ji meaning stack). On the sheer cliff that marks the southwest side of Maiji Mountain, people have labored for centuries carving niches and caves, giving rise to what is known today as the Maiji Caves. Inside the caves are clay statues, whose heights vary from 20 centimeters (about 8 inches) to 15 meters (over 49 feet). Besides 194 Buddhist caves and niches, containing more than 7, 200 clay statues, there are also murals of over 1, 300 square meters (about 1, 555 square yards) in the Maiji Caves as well. These statues are works of art that reflect ancient craftsmanship and dedication to the Buddhist ideal. Rarely can one find caves and statues carved over sheer cliffs in China, and this is one of the most distinguishing features of Maiji Caves. Being carved on the cliff, these caves are connected by plank roads that hang precariously along the face of the cliff. Visitors can only reach each cave by using these plank roads, which offers a breathtaking experience.
Work on the Maiji caves began in the late Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC), progressing through to the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911). The Northern Wei(386 - 534) period was also a time of its great prosperity, and Buddhism began to prevail as a cultural force. Subsequent dynasties added to and sometimes rebuilt the caves according to the styles of the era. Interestingly, although the statues were built at the same location, none of them maintained a similar style with those preceding it. Statues from each dynasty clearly developed distinct elements.
Another curious feature of the statues is their trend toward secularization, that is, a move toward depicting the icons as man rather than god. Except for statues built in the early period, almost all Buddhist statues look affable and accessible. They were no longer gods standing high in the heaven, but rather became more like common people.
Because of its exquisite clay statues and superb sculptural skills, Maiji Caves acquired special recognition. They have been classified as an Oriental Statues Exhibition Hall. Maiji Caves are one of the four most important caves in China. The other threes are Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, Yungang Caves in Datong, Shanxi Province, and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province. Their emphasis is on exquisite statues and beautiful natural scenes, while the others are on florid murals or magnificent stonecutting.
There are other places of interest near Maiji Mountain as well, Xianren Cliff,Shimen Mountain, Quxi and Maiji Arboretum, all offer fine panoramic views of mountains, rivers and plants in Northwest China.
迎着秋风，踏着青草。我们全家人前往天水旅游。而在这次的天水之游中，给我印象最深的旅游景点便是著名的“麦积山石窟”了。
经过四个多小时的路程，我们到达了天水市。住进旅馆，吃过午饭，我们便马不停蹄地赶往第一个旅游目的地——麦积山石窟。
“真是凑巧，刚刚还阳光明媚，现在却已细雨绵绵。唉，下雨可怎么玩呀！”我低声抱怨着。“这你就错了，”爸爸说，“‘麦积烟雨’可是麦积山的一大奇景，一般可碰不到呢！”听了这话，我眼前一亮，盼望着早点看到这“奇景”。
到了麦积山山脚，清新的空气扑鼻而来。远远望去，山体酷似农家麦垛，因下雨形成的雾气，环绕着山头，朦胧的景象给人带来一种神秘的气息，犹如仙境一般。
吸着新鲜的空气，闻着青草的香味，我们徒步走到了麦积山石窟下。
听导游说麦积山石窟始凿于十六国后秦，经十多个朝代开凿重修，距今约一千六百年历史，是中国四大石窟之一。现存洞窟194个，大小造像7200余尊，分泥塑，石雕和石刻造像碑三类，以泥塑为主，素有“东方雕塑陈列馆”的美誉。深厚的民族传统，鲜明的世俗化和浓郁的生活情趣，是麦积山石窟的显著特征。
听着导游的讲解，我们不知不觉走到了山顶（指人能走到的最高处）。看着一尊尊栩栩如生的雕像，我仿佛看到了我们的祖先在这座陡峭的山上，利用他们的智慧，造出这一尊尊神奇的雕像。他们有的在雕刻，有的在上色，有的在固定……总之，到处都有他 们勤劳的身影。
在这么多雕像中，令我赞叹的有两处。首先便是位于山东侧的“西方三圣”雕塑。中间的阿弥佗佛长13米，威严壮观，神形兼备，琉璃珠做的眼睛炯炯有神，衣服上的褶皱做得细致入微，因为在和泥时加入了发丝等材料，使得佛像看起来光滑细嫩，像真的一样。其次就是被称为“东方微笑”的小沙弥。他两眼微闭，嘴巴上翘，头微微低下，显出东方人特有的可爱与含蓄。非常讨人喜欢。
游完麦积山，我心中感慨万分，我们的祖先，利用他们的智慧、勤劳与恒心，为后人留下了这样值得骄傲的文物。而作为龙的传人的我们，更应该将祖先们勤劳朴实，持之以恒的精神发扬光大，让我们的祖国更加繁荣昌盛，生生不息。
The climate of Tianshui is suitable for the survival of mankind. That makes it become a cradle of the Chinese nation. As we know, Fuxi and Nuwa who are the Chinese ancestors lived here. They created the early period of Chinese culture. For the suitable climate, there are many wonderful attractions. This time we will go to Maiji Mountain, and visit Maiji Mountain Grottoes.
Maiji Mountain is located 50 km far from Tianshui just to the south of Maiji Village. It is only 142 meters above the ground, but the altitude of about 2,000 meters above the sea level. It is a single and distinct peak of the xiaolong Mountain of Western Qinling Range. Since it looks like a huge wheat straw pile from afar, it is called Maiji Mountain (the Wheat Straw Pile Mountain). The flouring various plants with clouds wrapping them in a blanket of mist create one of nature’s most majestic sights. In the late of the Western Hang Dynasty, it became the palace of Kui Xiao (隗嚣) who is a famous general of Tianshui. The Maiji Mountain Scenic Area was listed as a famous resort under the state protection by the State Council in 1982. And Maiji Mountain Grottoes are the most important area of it, which rank the second in the four well-known grottoes in Gansu Province. (The four well-known grottoes are Mogao Grottoes, Maiji Mountain Grottoes, Bingling Temple Grottoes and Mati Temple Grottoes.)
The grottoes of Maiji Mountain are caved in the cliffs, which are in rows 20 to 30 meters or 70 to 80 meters above the foot of mountain. That makes them look like a huge honeycomb in the distance. The wide of those grottoes which are linked by some dangerous ways is from 3 meters to about 1 meter.
Maiji Mountain Grottoes were first dug in the Qin Dynasty of the Sixteen States Period (about 384 to 417 AD). And the grottoes were cut and repaired in the successive dynasties of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. An earthquake which occurred in Tianshui during the Tang Dynasty (734 AD) resulted in collapse of the cliff, and the grottoes were subsequently divided into tow sections: the Eastern and the Western with 54 and 140 grottoes respectively, which were called the Eastern Pavilion and the Western Pavilion during the Five Dynasties.
In the Eastern, there is the Thousands of Buddhism Corridor, the Throwing Flowers Building, the Upper Seven-Buddhism Pavilion, and the Middle Seven-Buddhism Pavilion, and so on. In the Western, there are 3 grottoes which are the most famous. In them, the biggest is the Thousands of Buddhism Pavilion, the second is the Heavenly Cave, and the smallest is the Cave NO.127, which were all cut in 6 AD.
There is a legend associated with the Throwing Flowers Building. It is said that Sakyamuni appeared here to preach. During the first time, there were tens of thousands of disciples in the valley which was under the
Throwing Flowers Building. In order to know whether all of them understand the Buddhist thoughts and tenets, the 28 flying aspara threw different kinds of petals to them. If the disciples understood, the petals would not fall, but fall; if not, the petals would fall. It was surprised that all of the petals rose. Now you can throw some pieces of paper, you will find the pieces rise. Do you know why? Because there is an air current which can make some light things rise.
Though Maiji Mountain Grottoes are suffered many earthquakes and fires, now there are 194 grottoes, more than 7,200 statues and over 1,300 square meters murals. As the stone of Maiji Mountain is unfit for caving, most statues are clay sculptures, but they are quite exquisite. The sculptures are mainly images of Buddha and his disciples, Bodhisattvas, the Heavenly Kings and Vajras. It is surprised that the sculptures have been preserved well, even though the climate is wet in Maiji Mountain.
Like the earliest sculpture of Mogao Grottoes, the grottoes of Maiji Mountain were obviously influenced by the Indian style in 30 caves during the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. By the time of the Song Dynasty, the style was changed greatly due to mixing the Indian culture and the Central Chinese culture. The sculptures wear diverse countenance looking vivid. And the dress of them is soft and natural. In the late period, the style was continuously improved on the basis of the Chinese current culture. So the sculptures are more vivid than before and full of the interest of worldly life. However, since the Northern Wei Dynasty, almost the sculptures bowed their heads, as if they were looking this world. They are the gods, but they look like the human beings.
The grottoes of Maiji Mountain are of high values for the study on politic, economy and culture in ancient China, even though they are the Buddhist arts. The grottoes embody the Chinese national tradition and consciousness, and also have the characteristic of making the form show the spirit. Especially the sculptures of the Sui and Tang Dynasty are full and rounded, and in the Song Dynasty, they are thin, delicate and pretty. Maiji Mountain Grottoes reflect the evolution of the clay sculptures art in China. They are referred to as “the treasure houses of oriental sculptures”。