1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
一、定语从句的识别
1、结构识别：名词+连接词+句子
【例句】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
2、常用连接词：
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系连词：when, where, why, how
介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子
二、定语从句的处理方法
1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
2、在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。
对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例句】There is something by virtue of which man is man.
【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：
1)There is something.
2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing，用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前，得到：There is something of which man is man by virtue
三、例句分析
【例句】Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
【解析】句子的主干为：Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…这句话的难点还在于其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。
分句an element…landowners又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…。可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句，一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况，把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。
1. 分隔定语从句。
先行词与定语从句之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离，这种从句叫分隔定语从句。例如：
This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.
He was the only person in this country that was invited.
①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。
The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk，right under my nose.
2. as 和 which 引导的定语从句。
① as 有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As we had expected，her performance was wonderful.
A panda， as we know，is a lovely animal.
Tom is the tallest in our class，as you know.
但 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：
The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.
②在主谓宾结构的非限制性定语从句中，which 和 as 作宾语时可互换使用。
He was an Englishman，which / as I knew from his accent.
作主语时通常用 which ，而不用 as 。但在“主语 +be+done ”结构中，as 作主语。例如：
He passed the examination，as was known.
③ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中； which 则不受此限制。例如：
Mummy treats me just as a baby，which （不用 as ） I can’t bear.
She married again，which （不用 as ）was unexpected.
④在宾补结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语或宾语时，宜用 which ，而不用 as 。例如：
He believed in God，which （不用 as ） I find strange.
He changed his mind，which （不用 as ） made me very angry.
⑤定语从句中动词若为表示知觉的词，如 see ，expect ，say ，know 等时，用 as 而不用 which 。
As we expected / know， Xiao Ming took the first place in the game.
⑥ as 引导的定语从句与 it 作形式主语的主语从句和以 what 引导的主语从句的区别。试比较：
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
3. 定语从句与并列句的识别。
定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入 and ， but ， so 等连接词。并列句一般由 and ， but ， so 等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。例如：
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （定语从句）
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows；most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was reasonable. （定语从句）
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase；the price of it was reasonable. （并列句）
John’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn’t help. （并列句）
4. that 引导的定语从句与结果状语从句的区别。
This is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it. （ so …… that 引导的结果状语从句）
This is so interesting a book as all of us want to read. （ as 引导的定语从句）
通过以上两个例句不难看出， so …… that 引导结果状语从句，而定语从句中先行词前有 so ， such ， the same 修饰时，常用“ as ”来引导定语从句。
5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
同位语从句是位于名词 answer ， belief ， doubt ， decision ， explanation ， fact ， hope ， idea ， information ， news ， order ， problem ， promise ， truth 等后的句子，并对这些句词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词 that 只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且 that 不可省略；同位语从句不可用 which 引导。而定语从句通常是一不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。作宾语时， that 可省略。
The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear. （同位语从句）
The fact （that / which） she told me yesterday is very important. （定语从句）
「巩固性练习」
1、 _________ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. As B. It C. That D. What
2、 Now Children like to go to the fast food restaurant， _________ as the name says， eating doesn’t take much time.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
3、 Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city， _________ happened in Tang Shan in 1976.
A. as B. that C. where D. like
4、 Recently my father bought a Chinese painting， _________ was very reasonable.
A. the price of it B. which price
C. the price of which D. its price
5、 We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
6、 We were next-door neighbors for three years， during ________ time we met only twice.
A. which B. this C. in which D. same
7、 Living in the central Australia desert has its problems， _________ getting water is not the least.
A. as B. for what C. of which D. for what
8、 We should do more such exercises in the future， I think， ________ those we did yesterday.
A. as B. which C. that D. it
9、 Gone are the days _________ we spent together in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
10、 He failed his exam， _________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. as B. which C. that D. A and B
11、 He must be from Africa， _________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
「参考答案」
1、 A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A
7、 C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
（what 可以用all that代替）
1、 A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2.C. "和谁讲话"要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3、 D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4、 C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5.A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C. 解析同第5题。
7、 A. 解析见第3题。
8、 A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9、 A. "谈到某事物"应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10、 A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构，常用来引导定语从句。with有"用"的意思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen.
11、 C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语。
12、 D. with whom引导定语从句。with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13、 D. whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。
14、 A. that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导。
15、 D. the same.。.。.。.。as是固定用法， as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语。在本句话中，as作从句的主语。
16、 D. such.。.。.。.。. as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语。在本题中，as作表语。
17、 B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作宾语。
18、 B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句，with whom I went to the concert是定语从句。with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19、 C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such.。.as或the same.。.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用such a.。.。.。.。，本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词。
20、 B. things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that.
21、 D. who引导非限制性定语从句，who作从句的主语。
22、 C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23、 D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为， whom作从句中met的宾语，可以省略。第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语，不可省略。
24、 A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句，whose title也可以说成the title of which
25、 A. for which 引导定语从句，使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以。.。.。.。.而闻名"。
26、 C. 当先行词被such修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语。
27、 A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词，但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
28、 D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替"in （或其他介词）+which"、when或where，而that常可省略。
29、 D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语，可用why 来替代。
30、 B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句。
31、 A. The reason why.。. was that.。.。已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 "因为"的含义。
32、 B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导，which表示前句话的整个含义。
33、 A. 解释见28题。
34、 D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句。
35、 C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such.。.as或the same.。.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语。
36、 B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导，which表示前句话的整个含义。37. D.38. D. 解析见35题。
39、 A. he makes是定语从句， 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40、 B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句。
41、 A. what happened是宾语从句。 all 之后that he knew是定语从句。先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42、 D. years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语。第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句。
43、 C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指"。.。.。的数目"，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44、 D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45、 A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46、 B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47、 B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48、 A. 解释见35题。
49、 C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50、 B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
猜你感兴趣的：
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对) This is the mountain village (which） I visited last year.
（对) I'll never forget the days (which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.