经典意大利咖啡介绍
意式浓缩:
浓缩咖啡(Espresso)或意式浓缩咖啡,是一种口感强烈的咖啡类型,方法是以极热但非沸腾的热水,借由高压冲过研磨成很细的咖啡粉末来冲出咖啡。它发明及发展于意大利,年代始于20世纪初,意式浓缩咖啡最大的的特点是其表面的一层咖啡油脂crema,咖啡油脂有保护胃黏膜的作用,因为仪式浓缩的强烈口感可能会引起一些胃适应能力较差的人的不适,所以科菲油脂的存在刚好是相辅相成,并且咖啡油脂还有增强润滑口感的作用。
意式浓缩最好是趁热作一到两口喝掉,这样最大的好处就是避免咖啡过分氧化而改变口感,并且完全保留咖啡油(咖啡油会随着与空气接触的时间而慢慢消失)
卡布奇诺:
创设于1525年以后的方济各会(Capuchin)的修士都穿著褐色道袍,头戴一顶尖尖帽子,方济各会传到意大利时,当地人觉得修士服饰很特殊,就给他们取个Cappuccino的名字,此字的意大利文是指僧侣所穿宽松长袍和小尖帽,源自意大利文“头巾”即Cappuccio。卡布奇诺是一种加入以同量的意大利特浓咖啡和蒸汽泡沫牛奶相混合的意大利咖啡。传统的卡布奇诺咖啡是三分之一浓缩咖啡,三分之一蒸汽牛奶和三分之一泡沫牛奶。最好的喝法是不要去搅动咖啡,一口一口的感受卡布奇诺奇妙的层次感!
拿铁:
拿铁是意大利浓缩咖啡与牛奶的经典混合,意大利人也很喜欢把拿铁作为早餐的饮料。喝拿铁的意大利人,与其说他们喜欢意大利浓缩咖啡,不如说他们喜欢牛奶,也只有espresso才能给普普通通的牛奶带来让人难以忘怀的味道。这款咖啡的咖啡味较淡,所以非常适合初饮者。喝法参照卡布奇诺。 摩卡:
摩卡咖啡(又名莫加或者摩卡,英文是 Café Mocha,意思是巧克力咖啡)是意式拿铁咖啡 (Café Latté) 的变种。和经典的意式拿铁咖啡一样,它通常是由三分之一的意式特浓咖啡( Espresso) 和三分之二的奶沫配成,不过它还会加入少量巧克力。口感更加丰富!喝法参照卡布奇诺! 玛奇哈朵:
Macchiato比较女性化,看起来像是缩小版的卡布其诺。它们最大的区别,除了马琪朵的分量是卡布其诺的三分之一,马琪朵是咖啡上面只加一层奶泡而没有再加牛奶,所以喝起来奶香只停留在唇边而已,浓缩咖啡的味道并不会被牛奶稀释。如今很多人喜欢在玛奇哈朵的奶泡上面加上焦糖,以增强口感(也就是现在的焦糖玛奇哈朵)
马琪朵因为上面有一朵淡淡的奶泡,喝的时候不要用咖啡勺搅拌,就算要加糖也最好是均匀地撒在奶泡的表面一层,找一个角度直接喝,让咖啡进了口里还能保持层次感。
康宝蓝:
也称康宝兰,康宝兰是一杯普通的浓缩咖啡上面浇上厚厚的鲜奶油,是比较复古的一款功夫咖啡,很像沙俄时代的贵族们或是奥地利的王室里面喝的,可能是因为当时鲜奶油比较稀有吧。一般的咖啡馆都会用玻璃杯来装,为了让客人可以观赏鲜奶油和咖啡交融的界面,从一开始的一刀两断,到慢慢一丝一丝渗透,最后深褐色清澈的浓缩咖啡变混浊,奶油的甜味也弥漫在苦苦的咖啡里面,变得比较有亲和力。想要尝试功夫咖啡的人,从这一款咖啡入手会比较容易。康宝兰因为加了鲜奶油,很有点下午茶的气氛,可能不需要再配糕点,自身的结构已经很完整。喝的时候最好也不要搅拌奶油。
英 ['ɪtəlɪ] 美 ['ɪtəlɪ]
Italy
They decided to swan around Italy this summer.
他们决定今年夏天去意大利游逛。
French troops negotiated the Alps and went on the road in Italy.
法军成功地越过了阿尔卑斯山脉,行军在意大利的国土上。
All the newspapers reported on the football match of France versus Italy.
所有的报纸都报道了法国队对意大利队的足球比赛。
Painting flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century.
在意大利,绘画在15世纪达到顶峰。
Have you moved to Italy?
你搬到意大利了?
But then Germany and Italy have represented Europe nearly as well.
然后德国和意大利也代表欧洲取得了冠军。
I love Italy.
我爱意大利。
David: We would like to represent your company in Italy.
大卫:我们想成为贵公司在意大利的代理。
After all, Britain, Germany and even Italy seem able to do so, and we have in the past, too.
毕竟,英国、德国,甚至意大利似乎都有能力这么做,我们过去也这么做过。
We did it for Italy.
我们这样做是为了意大利。
She wrote to one of her friends about her dream of one day owning a house with an artcollection like the one she had seen in Italy.
她给她的一个朋友写信,谈到她梦想将来有一天拥有一座房子,在这座房子里,收藏着像她在意大利所看到的私人所收藏的艺术品。
Italy is my home.
意大利是我的家。
He always wants to go to Italy.
他一直希望能去意大利。
The economies of Spain, Italy and Britain all shrank in the third quarter.
西班牙、意大利和英国的经济都在第三季度出现衰退。
It goes all the way to Italy or Spain. Maybe even France.
它会一直开到意大利或者西班牙,也许甚至到法国。
They later fled to Italy, where they lived and worked for 15 years.
他们后来逃到意大利,在那里一起生活和创作了15年。
Italy-A Beautiful and Charming Land
意大利:美丽神奇之国
一、 Name(名字的由来)
The name “Italy” is extremely old. It seems to have been used first in documents of the 5th century BC. To describe a small territory at the tip of the boot-shaped peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea. Historians used to think that the name came from that of a legendary king, Italo. “意大利”这一名字极其古老。它最早被用在公元前5世纪的文件中,指延伸进地中海的靴形半岛顶端的那一小块领土。历史学家过去一直认为它取自一位传奇国王-意大洛的名字。人们还提出许多有独创性但却不大可能的理论来解释这一名字的来源。
No matter what its origins, the name of that small territory at the tip of the boot spreads, little by little, to indicate the whole peninsula. By about AD1000 the name designated a region, a dialect, and a culture. But it was not until the mid-19th century that the many separate nations on the peninsula were united into one nation, the nation to which the ancient name “Italy” was given. 不论其来源于何处,原来只指靴形半岛顶端那一小块领土的这一名字逐渐扩大到泛指整个半岛。大约到了公元1000年,它指一个地区,一种方言,以及一种文化。但是一直到19世纪中期,该半岛上的许多独立国家才联合成为一个国家,并以“意大利”这一古老的名字命名。
二、Brief
introduction(简介)
Italy is a great country full of history and culture that amazes the world. Italy is located in Southern Europe, on the Italian Peninsula and it’s bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, which hosts two Italian Islands: Sardinia and Sicily. Italy is a country full of beauty, art and fashion, all these are mixed to give Italy a magic atmosphere and to captivate tourist from every corner of the world.
意大利以其悠久的历史和丰富的文化吸引着中外游人。它坐落在欧洲南部的意大利半岛,毗邻由撒丁岛和西西里岛环绕的地中海。意大利是一座充满魅力的城市,时尚确不失美感,这些使得意大利有一种吸引全世界游客的魔力。
Discovering Italy can be a pleasant and unforgettable experience, each corner of this beautiful country will take you back in time to ancient times and you will recognize its great development till nowadays. Italy offers unbeatable touristic destinations such as: Florence and its artistic productions and fashion, Rome, the capital city known as the eternal city, Venice, the romantic city built under water, and Milan, the most fashionable city in Italy.
走进意大利是一次非常惬意并且难忘的经历,每一个角落都会把你带回到远古时代让你领略它今日的发展。这里有无与伦比的景致,例如:艺术与时尚并存的佛罗伦萨,首都罗马,水下浪漫的威尼斯,最时尚的米兰。
三、 Brief introduction of the main attractions(主要景点简介)
Italy has countless places to visit and enjoy: firstly The Leaning Tower of Pisa ,the Tower was built under Romanesque style and it started to lean from its construction; it’s a symbol of Italy and
its attractions.
意大利有数不清的游览胜地,不得不提的便是比萨的比萨斜塔,这座具有罗马风格的建筑从建成开始倾斜,是意大利的一个标志性建筑。
四 、Rome(罗马)
Rome is the perfect combination of the modern and the classical, when one walks around the city can see many museums, because most of the most famous painters like Correggio, and Raphael are Italian so their painting jobs are at the disposal of everybody in these museums.
罗马是现代与古典的完美结合,当你只身走到城市中,你会看到很多博物馆,那是因为很多著名的画家像柯勒乔,拉斐尔都是意大利人,所以他们的作品可以任由人们欣赏。
The History of Rome is very amazing; many people assume that Romulus and Remus were the ones who founded Rome, but this is only a legend.
罗马的来历很是吸引人,很多人假设罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯是最初发现罗马的人,但这也只是一个猜测。
Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire prior to its fall, and this city has seen the boom of Romans. Currently, Rome can see the boom of fashion, because it's considerate as the fashion center of the world 。
罗马是罗马帝国最先的首都,这个城市见证了罗马最繁荣的景象,当然,现在的罗马也是时尚又繁华,被称为世界时尚中心。
Looking around Rome one can find some buildings like The Rome Coliseum or the Pantheon, the former is today considered one wonder of the modern world. To visit these places you will need to rent a car and so you can contact Rhino Car Hire Rome in order to make your experience the best.
在罗马你可以看到很多竞技场和万神殿这样的建筑,竞技场被称为现代世界的一大奇迹。参观这里你需要租一辆车,这样你才能亲自感受到这里的繁华,使你不虚此行。
五、The leaning Tower of Pisa(比萨斜塔)
The Tower of Pisa is the bell tower of the Cathedral. Its construction began in the August of 1173 and continued for about two hundred years, in full fidelity to the original project, whose architect is still uncertain. 比萨斜塔是大教堂的一座钟塔。它建于1173年8月,至今已有200年的历史,就连它的建筑师都难以相信它居然一直保持着精准的时间。
In the past it was widely believed that the inclination of the Tower was part of the project ever since its beginning, but now we know that it is not so. The Tower was designed to be “vertical”, and started to incline during its construction. 在过去人们认为它开始就是倾斜的,但事实不是我们想象的那样。这个塔是垂直建立的,在建造的期间它才开始倾斜。
Today, interventions are being carried out within the sub-soil in order to significantly reduce the inclination and to make sure that Tower will have a long life. 现在政府已经采取一定的措施来防止它继续倾斜以延续它的生命。
六、Food ---- Pasta (意大利面)
[ Raw material ] thin noodles 480g, sausage 65g, eggplant 80g, tomato 65g, pepper 30g, cowpea 3 0g, onion 65g, salad oil right amount, garlic 65g, sauces 80g 食材:细面条480克 香肠65克 茄子80克 番茄65克 胡椒粉3克 洋葱65克适量色拉油 蒜65克 调味酱80克 [ manufacture process ]
1、 The noodles cooked tomatoes into pieces, good-cheuk 9:20 into 3cm long. 2. The eggplant, the persimmon pepper, cuts Large expanse of, onion cuts the filament, the garlic cuts to pieces, the sausage slivers the slanting block. 3. In the pot puts the oil heats up, the raw material which does well has poured into in the pot the 2nd step fries.
4. Mixes it with the earthen mound compares thousand islands sauces modulates. 主要步骤:
1、面条与西红柿翻炒,炒至9成熟
2、茄子切块,洋葱切丝,蒜切片,香肠切成碎块
3、倒入适量油,待油温稍热,将准备好的原料倒入锅中,翻炒
4、放入胡椒面等调料,翻炒,出锅
七、小组成员分工 讲解:王江、孙嘉 ppt制作:孙嘉 翻译工作:王江
收集资料:王江、孙嘉、高永喜
意大利音乐介绍之——意大利的鲍勃迪伦
法布里奇奥·德·安德烈
法布里奇奥·德·安德烈(Fabrizio De Andre),意大利民谣诗人,出生于热那亚,是意大利著名的词曲作者和民谣歌手。他的作品中充满热那亚民谣元素并受到乔治·哈森、鲍勃·迪伦、伦纳德·科恩以及“垮掉一代”、象征派、意识流诗歌的影响。
安德烈50年代后期开始词曲创作生涯,1968年发行第一张个人专辑《第一卷》,但生性低调的他极少在公众场合露面,直到1975年才举行了第一次个人演唱会。同年发行专辑《第八卷》,歌曲都是旋律优美的吉他民谣曲风。
70年代中后期的安德烈在民谣的基础上加入了南美音乐元素,从1978年的专辑《里米尼》即可窥见一斑。从这点上来说,或许安德烈在保罗·西蒙之前就创造性地将世界音乐融入了民谣音乐。其80年代的与PFM小提琴手茂罗·帕加尼合作的专辑《Crueza de Ma》令其艺术生涯达到最高峰,作品带有意大利热那亚口音,风格上类似于科恩的低调吟唱。这是一张可以带你进入神奇幻想世界的民谣舞曲专辑,也是David Byrne最爱的80年代专辑之一。德国导演维姆·文德斯对其给予了极高评价。 专辑 Crêuza de MÄ 1984年,他开始用他的家乡热那亚的方言唱歌;与前PFM成员莫罗帕加尼合作,Crêuza de MÄ是他写的一个最著名的专辑,Crêuza日均线(“通往大海”,术语“Crêuza”,其实就是一个狭窄的道路由矮墙边,在一般典型的热那亚和利古里亚(Liguria) )。该歌曲是为了纪念来自地中海盆地的传统音乐。该专辑荣获多个奖项,并被誉为“20世纪80年代最好的意大利专辑”。
« 。.。pensavo: è bello che dove finiscono le mie dita debba in qualche modo incominciare una chitarra. » (Fabrizio De André, Amico fragile)
1、 I drain the pasta, then I share it out between two plates.
我将意大利面滤干,然后平分到两个盘子里。
2、 They ate in an Italian restaurant in Forth Street.
他们在第四大街的一家意大利餐馆吃了饭。
3、 The annual slaughter of wildlife in Italy is horrific.
在意大利,每年大量捕杀野生动物的现象令人震惊。
4、 He began to feed in the spaghetti, carefully separating the strands.
他开始放入意大利面,小心翼翼地将面一缕缕分开。
5、 The Italian economic miracle has always been a mystery.
意大利的经济奇迹一直是个谜。
6、 The refugees were put in camps in Italy before being resettled.
这些难民在重新定居之前被安置在意大利的难民营中。
7、 Robinson was sent to Italy to cover the 1990 World Cup.
鲁宾逊被派到意大利报道1990年的世界杯比赛。
8、 Since she knows little Italian, she keeps to herself.
因为不怎么懂意大利语,她很少和人交往。
9、 We spent the whole summer in Italy that year.
那年我们整个夏天都呆在意大利。
10、 Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and north-eastern regions.
意大利的工业区集中在该国中北部和东北部地区。
11、 Anne wouldn't mind going to Italy or France to live.
安妮很愿意去意大利或法国定居。
12、 He has coached and played in Italy during the Australian off-season.
他趁澳大利亚的休赛期在意大利执教并参加比赛。
13、 Her story is sharply evocative of Italian provincial life.
她的故事让人清晰地回忆起意大利的乡村生活。
14、 In 1882 Germany, Austria, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance.
1882年,德国、奥地利和意大利组成了三国同盟。
15、 From 1879 to 1888 he wandered about Germany, Switzerland, and Italy.
从1879到1888年,他游历于德国、瑞士和意大利等地。
The location of Italy Italy is a southern European country, most in Europe from outside the Mediterranean Apennines land on the peninsula. Northwest-Southeast take the same shape strip west of the Kingdom of Sardinia to the old Sardinian. Another is the view of the southern island of Sicily, the largest island, a piece of the island and the Italian territory, Health feet as a footballer. 意大利是一个南欧国家,国土大部在欧洲伸入地中海的亚平宁半岛上,西北—东南走同,形状狭长,西部的是撒丁王国的旧地撒丁岛,南部的西西里岛是意大利另一个大的岛屿,把这个岛和意大利本土一块看,恰像一个脚在踢球。 The color of the flag: Green = hope; White = belief; Red = kindness. 颜色表现的三种主要的含义: 绿色 = 希望;白色 = 信念;红色 = 仁慈
以食物代表为
绿色 = 罗勒;白色 = 莫扎瑞拉起士;红色 = 番茄
其标志也表示为三个王国统一的意大利王国
绿色=米兰公国的旗帜,其图像为绿底加双头蛇标志;白色=西西里王国,其图像为白底加西西里三曲腿标志;红色=威尼斯城邦,其图像为红底加圣马可狮标志。
The food of Italy Nothing says Italy like its food, and nothing says Italian food like pasta. Wherever Italians have immigrated they have brought their pasta and so today it is basically an international staple. Unlike other ubiquitous Italian foods like Pizza and tomato sauce, which have fairly recent history pasta may indeed have a much older pedigree going back hundreds if not thousands of years. Torre pendente di Pisa 比萨斜塔(意大利语:Torre pendente di Pisa或Torre di Pisa)是意大利比萨城大教堂的独立式钟楼,于意大利托斯卡纳省比萨城北面的奇迹广场上。广场的大片草坪上散布着一组宗教建筑,它们是大教堂(建造于1063年—13世纪)、洗礼堂(建造于1153年—14世纪)、钟楼(即比萨斜塔)和墓园(建造于1174年),它们的外墙面均为乳白色大理石砌成,各自相对独立但又形成统一罗马式建筑风格。比萨斜塔位于比萨大教堂的后面。
Campanile di Giotto 乔托钟塔(Campanile di Giotto):百花大教堂旁边的82公尺高塔,由建筑家乔托于1334年开始建造,外观是一个四角形的柱状塔楼,把粉红、浓绿和奶油三种颜色,以几何学的配色方式调和,和旁边的百花教堂十分和谐,底部还有精致的浮雕,内部有楼梯可达顶部,共有290阶。